Charlemagne, The Conqueror Of Saxony

Middle of the century emperor Charlemagne (Charles the Great) king of the Franks, the conqueror of Saxony, founder of the Holy Roman Empire was one of the most prominent rulers of the world.
Born in 742, near the city of Aachen which eventually became its capital. His father was Pepin the Cebol and his grandfather Charles Martel,
a national leader Frank, who at 732 years has won a trial of the Muslims who tried to conquer France, in a battle of Tours. 751 years Pepin was proclaimed King of the Franks, so ending the Merovingian dynasty weaknesses, establishing a new dynasty called the Carolingians now, after Charlemagne. Pepin died 768 years the world and the kingdom of the Franks was divided between Charles and his brother Carloman. Good luck for Charles and for the unity of Franks, Carloman died suddenly in 771. This incident resulted in Charles, at the age of twenty-nine years, so a single king in the Kingdom of Franks who had become the strongest kingdom in Europe.

At the time of the coronation of Charles, the Kingdom of France Franks now, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands added some now and Germany. Charles threw a bit of time to begin to expand his empire. Carloman's widow and her children fled to the Lombard kingdom in northern Italy. Charlemagne divorced his wife of Lombard named Desidarata and led the army into northern Italy. By the year 774 Lombard completely conquered. Northern Italy blended with the kingdom, although four additional raid is still needed to consolidate his power. Carloman's widow following his children fell into the hands of Charlemagne, and since it did not appear again nose forever.

But, more important, and of course more difficult is the conquest of Charlemagne for Saxony, a vast area north of Germany. This is required not less than eighteen times a battle; 772 the first year and 804 last year. Religious factors are certainly the reason why the war against Saxony so tight and bloody. The Saxons were pagans - not religious - and Charlemagne forced them embrace the Christian religion. Those who refused to be baptized or later be back again pagan apostasy death sentence. According to estimates, no less than a quarter of the population were killed in the process of Saxon conquest by force of this religion.

Charles also made raids into the south-west Germany and France, to strengthen his control over those areas. To secure the eastern border of his kingdom, Charlemagne made a series of raids against the Avars. Avar people bleed Asia, something to do with the Huns, and they control a vast area, which is now known Honggaria and Yugoslavia. After that Charlemagne chop off all the Armed forces Avars. Although the areas east of Bavaria, Saxony and the nation did not occupied by Franks, other countries that recognize the power of stretching Franks began to Germany to Croatia.

Charlemagne also tried to secure the area at the southern border. 778 years he led the invasion of Spain. This raid was not successful, but Charlemagne can also establish territories in northern Spain, known as the "Spanish March" which recognizes the sovereignty of the power of Charlemagne.

As a result of so many wars that brought victory (the Franks did fifty-four times the battle within forty-five years during his reign), Charlemagne succeeded in uniting almost all of Western Europe under his control. At the peak, his empire consisted of most of France now, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, plus most of Italy and many other border regions. Since the fall of the Roman Empire, there was one country that has broad territory.

During the reign of Charlemagne maintain friendly relations with the Pope. In his lifetime but certainly not the pope, a master of Charlemagne, but the master of Charlemagne Pope.

Highest peak, or at least the most famous events of the reign of Charlemagne in Rome on Christmas Day 800 years. On that day Pope Leo III wearing a crown on Charlemagne's head and announced that he was Roman Emperor. This means that the Western Roman Empire had destroyed three centuries earlier and rose again declared Charlemagne is the replacement for the legitimate Augustus Caesar.

In reality, of course, one considers the Kingdom of Charlemagne's peculiarity is the "restoration" of the Roman Empire. First, the area controlled by the two very different empires. However the extent of Charlemagne's kingdom, only covers half of the Western Roman Empire. Some areas are dominated by the second as the empire, such as Belgium, France, Switzerland and northern Italy. But English and Spanish, southern Italy and northern Africa, which are regions of the Roman Empire, not under the authority of Charlemagne. While Germany is an important area of his conquests never under Roman rule. Second, Charlemagne was not the Romans traced from every angle; not from the point of birth, views, and culture. Franks nations belonging Teutonic tribes, and native language of Charlemagne was the ancient German dialect, though little by little he is learning Latin. Charlemagne majority of age living in Northern Europe, especially Germany, and only made four trips to Italy. Capital of the Roman empire but not of Aachen. Is now in West Germany not far from the border of Belgium and the Netherlands.

Political decision-making agility Charlemagne who became his trademark was jammed so he was confronted with the issue who would succeed the throne. Although he has spent most of his life to hold together much of Western Europe, he could not planning wisely divided the empire among three sons when he died. This usually indicates an inability to set a firm line and a way out so he could be the seeds of civil war. But the next state showed the two eldest sons died not long before Charlemagne himself. As a result, all three sons - Louis Sang Obedience - can inherit the throne of Charlemagne, without interruption when Charlemagne died in Aachen in 814. However, Louis showed weakness in terms of decision making rather than the father to the throne when the time came, he was also willing to share his kingdom to his children. After the battle, the son of Louis finally signed the agreement of Verdun (843 years) that resulted in the kingdom of the Franks divided into three parts. First half consists of most of France today, the second half of the area including large parts of Germany; and three, including a good half of northern Italy as well as lengthening the French-German border.

Now, there are some people suspect the influence of Charlemagne greater than my own calculations. Has been mentioned on the front, he had to rebuild the Roman Empire, he united Western Europe, he entered into the territory of Saxony Europe; he put the patterns shared by almost all Western European history; he keep Western Europe from external threats; she makes a rough border of France, Germany and Italy; he spread the Christian religion, and the coronation of Pope resolve centuries long conflict between state and church in Europe. In my opinion, the assumption is superfluous. First, what is called the holy Roman Empire is not a real re-establishment of the Roman Empire at all, but merely a continuation of the Kingdom of Franks left by Charlemagne.

The unification of Western Europe will have an important meaning when Charlemagne actually managed to finish. However, Charlemagne's empire fell in the period between thirty years after her death, and never united again after that.

French border today, now the German border, and also Italy, had nothing to do with Charlemagne and Louis the Obedience. Italy's northern border followed the greatest part of the geographical boundary of the Alps. German-French border is the border following the outline of language, and vice versa following the northern border of the Roman Empire.

Proper reward for Charlemagne in the spread of Christianity did not seem appropriate for me. Christianity has spread northwards into Europe centuries before the reign of Charlemagne and continued for centuries afterwards. Apart from the problem of Charlemagne forced the embracing Christianity for moral Saxons can not be appreciated because it was too horrible and is not at all steps necessary. Anglo-Saxon people in England in Christianity without the-century murder and subsequent centuries the people of various Christian Scandinavians are also included with more approach than with violence.

What about the military victory of Charlemagne to the success of Western Europe from the threat of attack from the outside? Sitting because it is not so. During all the 9th century, the north and west coast of Europe became the target of deadly attacks a series of raids from the Vikings or Norsemen. At the same time, the Magyar horsemen invaded Europe from the east and the Muslims swept the continent from the south. When Charlemagne was at least is the safest time in the history of Europe.

Struggle for power between civil and church officials are upheaval in European history and even in areas that are not included in the Carolingian Empire. Such struggle-in fact, been a central aspiration century church and had been going on (although in a slightly different form) without Charlemagne. Giving the crown of Rome is an interesting event, but almost did not solve the general problem factors.

I think, difficult to convince the Chinese or Indians who educated that Charlemagne should be seen approaching the significance of such a person Shih Huang Ti, Genghis Khan or Asoka. Indeed, when Charlemagne compared with Shih Huang Ti, Emperor of China seems to have meaning it is more important than both. The unification of China by the Sui Wen Ti had a lasting influence futures, while the unification of Western Europe Charlemagne made just last a generation.

Despite the significance of Charlemagne somewhat exaggerated by the Europeans, short-term effects are really great. He states confront Lombard and Avar and conquer Saxony. Many casualties from this war. From the positive angle, there is little cultural revival in his administration (which also stops immediately after death).

There are also consequences of the long-term career. Centuries after Charlemagne, the German kings involved in the futile struggle for control of Italy. Without the example given of Charlemagne, is probably very little they pay attention to Italy and focus attention only to the expansion area to the west or east. Also true, the holy Roman Empire, begun by Charlemagne, lasting until the 19th century. (However, some time was the power of the holy empire actually really small, and effective force in Germany is divided in the number of small countries countless).

However, the main result of Saxony Charlemagne's conquest possible, which resulted in the area into the stream of European culture. The results of this work together with the results of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul region, although not as important as it was considering a smaller region of Saxony. Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.