Edward Jenner, British physician

Who's willing to get messy face smallpox? Nothing. British physician Edward Jenner was the person who developed and popularized the technique of vaccination to prevent a hideous disease.
Thank you to Jenner for smallpox was practically wiped off the face of the earth so that more people rarely imagine how scary it was the disease in the past century.
Smallpox spreads so easily that a large part of Europe this illness in their lifetime. Not only scary but also to kill, so that between 10-20 percent of these disease kehinggapan floated to the afterlife. And for those who good fortune to survive, topsy-faces, such as holes in the grated, age-age. Chickenpox is not just confined to Europe, of course, but sweeping across North America, India, China and almost all parts of the world. Everywhere, children often become victims of this disease.

Years of effort has been taken to find a reliable way to prevent smallpox. Anyway long known, anyone able to survive the attack of smallpox, even after it was immune and no longer going to suffer the disease for the second time. In the Eastern region, this observation has in practice dijelmakan serum injected into the body of healthy people with something that is taken from the body of a mild smallpox patient, and after he recovered would be immune.

This practice was introduced in England in the early 18th century by Lady Mary Montagu Wotley, and was known for many years before Jenner. Jenner himself and actually had a shot like that when the age of nine years. But, how to prevent this potluck can bring serious effect; number of people who once injected instead of light instead got chicken pox so that a real smallpox destroyed skin leburlah face. In fact about two percent at the time after the injection, immediate smallpox attack is fatal! Clearly, a more perfect way is highly necessary.

Jenner was born in 1749, in the small town of Berkeley in Cloucestershire, England. As the boy was twelve years old she had an internship to be a surgeon. Then he studied anatomy and working in a hospital. In 1792 he obtained a doctor degree from the University of St. Andrew. In his mid-forties he was a physician and surgeon weighs in Goncestershire.

Jenner was used by the trust - which generally embraced by farmers and the milkmaid in the region - that the people who kehinggapan disease "cowpox" sort of mild livestock disease that can spread to humans, will never hit smallpox. ( "cowpox" itself is not dangerous, although the symptoms similar to ordinary smallpox). Jenner realized, when the confidence of the farmers were true, then inject "cowpox" to the human body would be a safe way to make them immune to smallpox. He studied this issue carefully, and by 1796 he really did believe that the belief that farmers do not miss it. So Jenner decided to try it directly.

In May 1796 Jenner injected James Phipps, a boy eight years old with something that is taken from disease spots "cowpox" in the hands of a dairy farmer. As was expected, the little boy kehinggapan "cowpox" but quickly recovered. A few weeks later, Jenner injected smallpox serum Phipps. And as expected the boy did not appear the signs of the disease.

After in-depth investigation bebih, Jenner introduced the results of his efforts through a thin book entitled An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, privately published in 1798. The book that was the cause of acceptance of vaccination in general and widespread. After that Jenner wrote five articles on the subject of vaccination, and the years he devoted his time to spreading the knowledge about technique and hard work to be accepted people.

The practice of vaccination in the UK is growing fast, then becomes something that required in the army and the British Navy. And along with it also accepted by most countries in the world.

Jenner freely offer the technique to the world and not trying to gain any benefits from it money. However, in the year 1802 the British parliament as a sign of thanks and appreciation presented the sum of 20,000 pounds. So Jenner became tennasyhur person in the universe, flooded with varieties of honor and medals. Jenner married and has three children. He lived until the age of 73 years, died at the early taliun 1823 at his home in the city of Berkeley.

As we see, Jenner invented the idea that the disease attacks "cowpox" can provide immunity against smallpox; he heard it from someone else. And there is also evidence that someone had made vaccination "cowpox" before Jenner did.

However, although Jenner was not a scientist extraordinary original, not many people who have done something so great bring benefits to humanity. Through the investigation, inquiry, experiments, and his writings, he channeled and diverted trust ordinary people who had not taken seriously by the medical world, a standard practice that has saved millions of human lives. Although Jenner's technique can only be used to prevent one type of disease, but the disease is really a disease that has the weight of the dangers. Thanks to the work that he received praise and respect, both in time and by later generations. Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.