Niels Henrik David Bohr

Pigs, frogs, pangolin, human, everything had a father, an official or unofficial. So is the theory of atomic structure had a father. He was Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in 1885 in Copenhagen. In 1911 he gained his doctorate in physics from the University of Copenhagen. Shortly after that he went to Cambridge, England. There he studied under the tutelage J.J. Thompson,
the famous scientist who discovered the electron. Only in a few months after that Bohr moved back to Manchester, Ernest Rutherford studied at a few years earlier found the nucleus (the nucleus) atoms. Rutherford is this which confirms (in contrast to previous opinions) that the atoms are empty, with a heavy staple in the middle and outer electrons. Shortly after that Bohr soon developed his own theory a new and radical about the structure of atoms.

Bohr's paper-like cradle of history "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules," published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1933.

Bohr introduced the theory of the atom as a kind of miniature planet around the sun, the electrons orbit around about the subject, but with a very important difference: when the laws of classical physics says about the orbital velocity in all sizes, Bohr proved that the electrons in a atoms can only be spinning in its orbit in a specific size. Or in another formulation of the sentence: the electrons surrounding the central part is at the level of energy (skin) without the specific energy absorbed or radiated. Electrons can move from the inner layer to outer layer when absorbing energy. Instead, the electrons will move from the outer layer into deeper layers of the radiated energy.

Bohr introduced the theory of radical difference with the classical theory of physics ideas. Some scientists are full of imagination (like Einstein) immediately rushed praised Bohr's papers as a "masterpiece," a great job; even so, many other scientists initially ignore the truth of this new theory. The most critical experiment is the ability to explain the spectrum of the Bohr theory of hydrogen atoms. Has long been known that hydrogen gas when heated at high heat levels, will be out of light. However, this light does not cover all colors, but only the light from any particular frequency. Largest value of the Bohr theory of atoms is a simple set of hypotheses but could explain the remarkable determination of the exact wave length of all the spectral lines (color) emitted by hydrogen. Furthermore, Bohr's theory predicted the existence of additional spectral lines, not visible at the time, but later confirmed by the tempter. In addition, the Bohr theory of atomic structure first presents a clear explanation for the atoms have anything like the size. Judging from all these compelling events, immediately accepted the theory of Bohr, and Bohr in the year 1922 can be, the Nobel Prize for physics.

Year 1920 established institutions Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen and the Bohr became its director. Under the fast pirnpinannya attract young scientists are brilliant, and soon became the world center of scientific inquiry.

But meanwhile the Bohr theory of atomic structure facing difficulties. Terpokok problem is that Bohr's theory, though perfectly describes the future difficulties of atoms (eg hydrogen) which has one electron, not exactly estimate the spectra of other atoms. Some scientists, stunned by the remarkable success in terms of Bohr's theory describing the hydrogen atom, hoping to improve a little way Bohr theory, they can also explain the spectra of heavier atoms. Bohr himself was one of the first to notice the small improvements that will not help, because it is needed is a radical overhaul. But, after he took all reasonable genius, yet he was not able to solve it.

The solution was eventually found by Werner Heisenberg and others, beginning in 1925. It is interesting to note here, that the Heisenberg - and most scientists are developing a new theory - studying in Copenhagen, which has no doubt benefited greatly from discussions with Bohr and contact each other. Bohr himself hurried to new ideas and help develop. He made important contributions to the new theory, and sodomy disuksi discussions and writings, he helped make more systematic.

In the 1930s more attention to the issue shows the basic structure of atoms. He developed an important model "liquid droplets" essential part of atoms. He also presented the problem of the theory of "the combination of principal" in the atomic reaction to be solved. Furthermore, Bohr was a man who quickly declared that the isotopes of uranium are involved in nuclear division is the U235. This statement has important significance in the subsequent development of the atomic bomb.

In 1940 German troops occupied the Danish. This Bohr put yourself in danger, partly because he had anti-Nazi attitude is widespread, partly because his mother was Jewish. In 1943 Bohr fled to a regional Danish occupation, to Sweden. He also helped a large number of Danish Jews escape to avoid death in the gas chambers of Hitler. From Sweden Bohr fled to England and from there crossed into the United States. In this country, during the war, Bohr helped make the atomic bomb,

After the war, Bohr returned home to the Danish and heads the institution until his spirit floated in 1 `562. In the years after Bohr's war effort - though unsuccessfully - to encourage the international community to oversee the use of atomic energy.

Bohr married in 1912, at about the time he was doing great work in the field of science. She has five children, one named Aage Bohr, won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1975. Bohr is the most unpopular person in the world of scientists, not merely because of saluting the genius of his knowledge, but also personality and character and a deep sense of humanity.

Although Bohr's original theory of atomic structure is over fifty years ago, he still is one of the great figures in 20th century. There are several reasons why. First, some of the essentials of his theory is still considered correct. For example, the idea that atoms can exist only at the level of energy is carefully integral part of all theories of atomic structure of the next. Another thing, the picture of the atom Bohr had a great sense for finding something for yourself, although modern scientists do not think it was literally true. The most important of all, perhaps, is that Bohr's ideas is the driving force for the development of "quantum theory." Although several ideas have expired, but obviously historically theories have proved a starting point for the modern theory of atoms and the subsequent development of quantum mechanics.Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.