Gregor Mendel

The basic principles of science worth descent to thank the inventor, Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk was known, an amateur scientist who had been the object of investigation brilliant ignored by the world of science.
Mendel was born in 1822 in the city in the area Heinzendorf sovereign kingdom in Austria which is now part Cekosiowakia region.
Year 1843 he entered the Augustinian monastery, in the city of Brunn, Austria (now called Brno, Czech Republic). He became pastor in 1847. In 1850 he obtained diploma exams teachers, but failed and the worst rates in biology! Even so, the priest in his monastery sent Mendel to the University of Vienna, from 1851-1853 he studied mathematics and other sciences. Mendel had never succeeded in bagging the official teachers' qualifications, but from 1854-1868 he became a teacher reserves of natural science in the modern school of Brunn.

Meanwhile, starting in 1856 he showed his experiences are renowned in the field of plant breeding. By the year 1865 he had discovered the law of the offspring of well-known and presented her paper in front of the gathering of natural history enthusiasts Brunn city. In 1866 published the results of the investigation by the magazine of the Society Transactions under the title "Experiments with Plant Hybrids." Working paper published by the magazine they were also three years later. Although the magazine is not a big magazine, but many are in various major libraries. In addition, Mendel sent a copy to Karl Nageli, a respected figure in the field of genetics. Nageli read it and send copies of replies to Mendel, but he did not understand what is very important in a paper copy of Mendel's work. After that is generally ignored Mendel's paper and almost forgotten for nearly thirty years old.

Mendel 1866, was promoted to be a priest was appointed head of the convent. Busyness makes routine administration to continue its investigation due out in the field of vegetation. When he died in 1884 at the age of sixty-one, brilliant investigation almost forgotten people and he does not get any recognition for the investigation.

New efforts Mendel discovered back in 1900 by three scientists from three nations different: Hugo de Vries of the Netherlands, Carl Correns of Germany, and Erich von Tschermak of Austria. They work separately when finding article Mendel. They each have their own experience in the field of botany. Each individually Mendel discovered the law. And each one (before publishing the book) carefully studied the work of Mendel and each also explained that the investigation reinforce the opinion of Mendel. A triangle of odd coincidence! Moreover, in the same year, William Bateson, an English scientist, discovered Mendel's paper is also original and immediately forward to the world of science. At the end of the year can be applauded Mendel and such a great appreciation for the work he did during his lifetime.

The evidence is about the descendants who have encountered Mendel? First, Mendel discovered that in all living organisms have "basic unit" is now called the gene that specifically handed down by parents to their children. In the world of plants that were investigated Mendel, each personal characteristic, such as seed color, leaf shape, determined by the gene pair. One plant left one gene of each pair from each "parent" him. Mendel found that when two genes passed a different specific qualities (eg, a gene for green seeds and another gene for yellow seed) will show itself in that particular plant. However, characterized by a weak gene is not indestructible and may be forwarded to the offspring plants. Mendel realized, each activity or gamete cells (similar to the sperm or eggs in humans) contains only one gene for one pair. He also emphasized, is entirely a coincidence when a gene from one pair occurs in a gamete and transmitted to a particular offspring.

Mendel's law, despite the small changes are made, remains the starting point of modern genetics. How Mendel as an amateur could discover such an important principle of setting aside so many famous professional biologists who have previously? Fortunately, he chose to field investigations plant species typical characteristics determined by a set of genes. If only the main features of investigating each been determined by various gene devices, investigations will face tremendous difficulties. However, luck was not going to help Mendel if he did not have great precision the nature and the patience of an experimentalist, and also will not help him if he did not realize that the need to make a statistical analysis of the observations. Because the factors in the examples above, generally may not be expected where the quality of offspring will inherit something. Only through a large number of experiments (Mendel has recorded the results lebili than 21,000 plants!), And through analysis of the results, Mendel was able to draw conclusions on its rulings.

Clearly, the law of descent is important for enhancing human knowledge, and our knowledge of genetics may be more practical in the future than ever before. There is also a factor that can not be ignored if we decide where Mendel's order must be placed in this book list. Since the discovery belittled on his moment, and the conclusions found by the scientists who came later, Mendel's investigations are considered not independent. If the reason is imposed, one can conclude that Mendel might be excluded entirely from the list, just like Leif Ericson, Aristarchus, Ignaz Semmelweiss has been set aside to make room for Columbus, Copernicus and Joseph Lister.

However, no difference between the case with other Mendel. Mendel-forgotten job only briefly, and then found again, soon soar. Furthermore, de Vries, Correns, and Tschermak, although they rediscover their principles independently, yet he read Mendel's work and cite the results. Finally, one can not say that Mendel's work was influential in spite of de Vries, Correns and Tschermak had never lived in the world. The articles have widespread Mendel-history history (by WO Focke) about the problem descendants. Writing sooner or later it will inevitably have found also by students serious in that area. Also worth noting, none of the three scientists who claim that they are the inventor of the science of genetics. Also, in general the world of science is called as "Mendel's Law."
Mendel's discovery seems to be compared with the findings of Harvey, both in terms of the original and the importance of blood circulation, and he was placed in the proper sequence. Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.