Gregory Pincus

Ever seen the lady swallowing a pill for seed grain saga? That was the contraceptive pill, and the American biologist Gregory Pincus important role in this matter. I bet very few people knew his name, because he is less known. In fact, its influence far greater than the figures in the world.
The pill has two aspects of significance.
In a world desperate to see the danger rapid population growth, the pill that serves as a deterrent. Although less direct, but no less revolutionary, the pills have a result in terms of changes in sexual desire. Anyway widely known that more than fifteen years or about the time that has happened "revolution" in sexual attitudes in the United States. Undoubtedly, many political factors, economic and social revolution that has affected, but the biggest factor is obviously due to the pills. At first, fear of bunting is not expected, a factor that affects many women engage in sex before marriage, or even after marriage. Suddenly, the woman presented with an opportunity to have sex without fear became pregnant. By itself, this situation brings a change attitudes and behavior of both parties.

There may be objections to the development of "Enovid" (the first pill preventing bunting) that it was not as important as people think, because the prevention of pregnancy was known before. The argument was put aside the difference between the methods of contraception with effective techniques and a psychologically acceptable. Before the development of the pill, contraception most recommended by experts is the "diaphragm." Indeed, the diaphragm is safe and reliable, but practice the majority of women are reluctant to use it. Quite surprisingly, when the pill for the first time tried, thousands of women ready to take risks through means that have not been tried (and probably dangerous) to prevent pregnant than "diaphragm" is clearly explained on the safe side.

And people could also consider developing "Enovid" not a victory that really impressive because it swallowed the pill about risks to health and may in the soon future pill method will be replaced with a newer way and through any device or drug more sip. But naturally the future contraceptive methods will only give very little improvement because the pill is widely accepted and already satisfy the parties concerned. (It can be noted, within fifteen days of this year - the millions and millions of ordinary American people swallow the pill on a regular basis - their passions rise sharply. This fact alone shows that the pill is not the main source of health problems). History will and should record the development of "Enovid" in the 1950s is a battering ram birth control method that complicated.

Many people have contributed to the development of mind for the contraceptive pill that is swallowed through the mouth. Indeed, this problem has become a long conversation materials; difficulty is that no one knows exactly what chemical elements to be incorporated into the pill. Interestingly, the key findings was discovered since the year 1937. In that year. A.W. Makepeace, G.L. Weinstein, and M.H. Friedman has demonstrated that the injection "progesterone" (one of the female sex hormone) may prevent conception in the laboratory animals. But, perhaps because the injections under the skin are not attractive situation for ways of preventing pregnancy, or perhaps because the "progesterone" as it is an expensive chemical price-discovery is not much public attention. Not encouraging.

The main developments of new pills began around 1950 when an American biologist Gregory Pincus, began working on this problem. Clearly, the Margaret Sanger, a longtime advocate of birth control that gives a moral boost to Pincus. He would hardly choose someone better than Gregory Pincus, as Pincus experts in the field of "steroid metabolism and reproductive physiology in ruminant creatures and also director of the laboratory Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, biology laboratory experiments.

Clearly, he had Pincus with remarkable combination of technical skill and scientific instincts, able to solve the problems outlined deftly. Soon he got a maid Dr. Min-Chueh Chang, an investigator at the Worcester Foundation, to experiment "progesterone" of laboratory animals, to see whether it can suppress fertilization although ingested through the mouth. Chang was a successful experiment. It really is a promising beginning, especially from the point of the fact that several years before a chemist named Russell Marker had found a way to make a "progesterone" synthetic cheaper price.

Another contributor is Dr mind. John Rock, one of the recommendations gyneacolog Pincus to experiment. This experiment shows that the "progesterone" is swallowed can prevent conception in women. However, investigations Rock also solve two serious difficulties due to the use of "progesterone" as an oral contraceptive. First, just hit about 85% of conception. Second, the required dosage amount unfit to handle the matter.

But Pincus, is convinced that he was on the right track, prepared by means overcoming. He realized, there should be other parts that are chemically similar to the "progesterone" but without the obstacles. Month of December 1953 he asked a variety of chemical companies to send examples of "steroids" they produsir synthetic, chemically similar to the "progesterone." Pincus tries chemicals are received, and one of them "norethynodrel" artificial GD Searle was effective.

This is a favorable solution for Pincus, because when he began his investigation, since 1950, norethynodrel never even there! This is disintetiskan year 1952 by Dr. Frank B. Colton, a biochemist who worked at Searle laboratories, and then patented in his name. However, neither the supervisor nor Colton at GD Searle does not intend to try to create oral contraceptives, not even when they realize that they actually managed to make it.

Subsequent experiments conducted by the investigators who had collected by Pincus showed that "norethynodrel" it still could be more effective when combined with a chemical mixture called "mestranol." This drug combination is then thrown into the market by the GD Searle and his company called "Enovid."

By the year 1955 Pincus can smell that it was time to experiment pill on a large scale. Experiment began in April 1956, in the city of San Yuan, Puerto Rico, under the supervision of Dr. Edris Rice-Wray. Within nine months, the experiment shows how great oral contraceptive pill. However, the experiment continued until three years before the "Food and Drug Administration" (a kind of official control of food and drugs) approved the marketing of "Enovid" in May 1960.

It is clear from the victory was Gregory Pincus developed the contraceptive pill is not alone. Frank is a real Colton create "norethynodrel"; clear, Colton and various chemist who paved the way for the results of his work's worth of his services taken into account. So did many people who work together in groups Pincus, including John Rock, Min-Chueh Chang, and Dr. Celso-Ramon Garcia was not all contributions can be ruled out his thoughts. For that matter, that, Dr. Edris Rice-Wray, Margaret Sanger, and many more that I can not call, they each hold a role in the overall work. However, it seems no reasonable doubt that Gregory Pincus is the most important figures and the main driving force of the entire project. He is a scientist who had resolved to devote all my time and efforts in the struggle over the mouth of contraception investigation, he is a person who has scientific capabilities and organization that enable successful project, he reviewed the basic ideas, seek funding for investigation costs, and bring talented people cooperate in the project. He had a vision and certainty to encourage the project to completion and neat, and he received a major award from the results of this great work.

Gregory Pincus was born in 1903 in Woodbine, New Jersey, the son of Russian-Jewish half-breed. He graduated from Cornell in 1924, and obtained his doctorate from Harvard in 1927. After that he was involved in investigation work at various institutions, including Harvard and Cambridge and became a professor at Clark for a few years. In 1944 he helped Worcester Foundation for biological investigation, and for years after it led the laboratory. He is author of more than 250 scientific papers as well as a book The Conquest of Fertility, about the conquest of fertility, published in 1965.

Pincus acquired during his many awards for his scientific work, but, neither he nor those who are involved in the discovery of the contraceptive pill is a Nobel Prize. When Pincus dies in Boston, in 1967, his death is almost no public knowledge and are generally the scientists. Even now some encyclopedias say her name. But, after all he is the architect of one of the most important development in the history of mankind.Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.