Johannes Kepler, The Inventor Of Satellite-law Of Planetary Motion

The hell with the planet-planet! What the hell he wants to spin, down, crash, falling! But not "hell" for Johannes Kepler, born in 1571 in the town of Weil der Stadt, Germany, the inventor of satellite-law of planetary motion. The discovery of Kepler in only twenty-eight years after the publication of De Revolutionibus orbium coelestium, big book in which contains the Copernican theory that
the planet-planet rotates around the sun rather than around the earth. Kepler studied at the University of Tubingen, earn a bachelor's degree in 1588 and a full bachelor's degree three years later. Generally, the scientists now reject the theory that "heliocentris" Copernicus; but, when Kepler at Tubingen he heard it and heliocentris hypotheses memperincinya with high intelligence, he finally believed it.

After leaving Tubingen, Kepler became professor for several years at the academy in the city of Graz. While teaching he wrote his first book on astronomy (1596). Although Kepler's theory presented in the book was completely off the mark, the book clearly shows Kepler's mathematical ability and purity of mind, so great astronomer Tycho Brahe invited him to be his assistant in the star shots near Prague.

Kepler accept this invitation and join Tycho in January 1600. Tycho died the next year, but Kepler's work presents a good impression in the previous months so that the Holy Roman Emperor - Rudolph II - Tycho replaced immediately appointed him as royal mathematician. Kepler held that position for the rest of his life.

In place of Tycho Brahe, Kepler inherited a huge pile of carefully observed record of satellite-planetary affairs who has worked for years Tycho. Because Tycho - last major astronomer telescope found - also observers who carefully and thoroughly the world has ever known, the notes were very big price. Kepler believed that the record of mathematical analysis enables thorough Tycho determine the conclusion that the theory of planetary motion are true: heliocentris Copernican theory; geocentris Ptolemy's theory that more lamaan; or even a third theory is formulated Tycho themselves. However, after many years did some careful calculations, Kepler with anxiety Tycho found that the observation is not consistent with theories that anywhere!

Finally, Kepler realized that the problem is: he, like Copernicus and Tycho Brahe, and all classical astronomers had suspected that the orbit consists of keplanitan circles or a combination of circles. However, the fact that keplanitan orbit is not circular but rather oval, ellipse.

Even after finding a solution to the subject, Kepler still have to spend months immersed in work calculations are complicated and exhausting to ensure that satisfactory theory Tycho observations. Big book Astronomia Nova, published in 1609, he had served the first part of the two planetary motion laws. Confirms the first law of each planet moves around the sun in orbits oval or ellipse with the sun at one focus. The second law insists that the planet moves faster when closer to the sun; different planetary speed such that the line connecting the planet and the sun during the rotation, meliwati the same broad area in the same period. Ten years later, Kepler's third law issue: the farther the distance of a planet from the sun, the more it took longer to complete the square when perputarannya or planet-planet velocity is directly proportional to the cube of the average distance to the sun.

Kepler's laws, to deliver a complete picture of the subject and the right of the planetary-planetary motion around the sun, the main problem in astronomy, which even by the genius of people like Copernicus and Galileo terliwatkan. Of course, Kepler did not explain why the planet-planet moves in its orbit like that; this problem solved in the next century by Isaac Newton. However, Kepler's laws is a vital precursor for the synthesis of Newton. ( "If I saw it first from someone else," as Newton once said, "is due to my stand on shoulders of giants." No doubt, Kepler was one of the giants that are referred to Newton).

Kepler's contribution to astronomy was almost comparable to Copernicus. And indeed, in some ways the work of Kepler's even more impressive. He is more original, and the difficulties he faced as mathematics mounting. Mathematical techniques at the time of its development is not as perfect as now, and when there was no machine to help Kepler calculator in counting-counting task.

Terms of the importance of Kepler's work, is at first surprising when almost ignored, even by a great scientist like Galileo. (Galileo did not grab the attention of Kepler's laws is staggering because the two men were each corresponding to one another, and also because the work of Kepler may help test the theory of Ptolemy). But if the others a little slow to appreciate the work of Kepler's altitude, it can be understood by Kepler himself.

In a tone burst of joy Kepler writes "... The book has been written! Has dedicated something sacred gift of pleasure. He would read both by people sejamanku or by generation after me. I do not care. It may be that the book had to wait 100 years to find a reader , just as God waited 6000 years of someone who can understand the greatness of his work. "

Although gradually, gradually, after passing several decades, the significance of Kepler's laws became clear to the world of science. In the next century opinions in favor of Newton's theory says that Kepler's laws deduced from those theories. Contrary opinion say, Newton's laws of motion, Newton's law of gravity inferred from Kepler's laws. However, to do so requires that technique, Kepler, fairly easy to catch the problem and proposed that planetary movement is controlled by the energy that comes from the sun.

In addition to law-planet planetary motion, Kepler's donated many small happenings in the field of astronomy. He also made important contributions on the theory of optics. In the old days - too bad - he was plagued by personal problems. Germany sank so chaotic that "thirty years war" and the rare person who can escape from serious difficulties.

One of the problems is about living. Holy Roman Empire late in the payment of his salary, though in a state that is not critical. In a state of war chaotic, Kepler unpaid wages continue. Since Kepler married twice and had twelve children, the difficulty of this money really heavy. Another problem related to her mother who in the year 1620 was arrested for "witches." Kepler much waste of time until finally the mother could be released without torture.

Kepler died in 1630 in Regensburg, Bavaria. In the "thirty-year war" which mengganas it, ransacked his grave. However, the law proved more planitnya movement into lasting memories than a piece of stone.Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.