Nikolaus August Otto

Nikolaus August Otto was a German inventor who in 1876 created a four-drive engine combustion, the type used by millions of people who made since then until now.
Inner combustion engine is a result of careful thought and good. This is used to drive a motor boat and motorcycle. He is used in various industries, and is also something that can not be separated with the discovery of the aircraft.
(Until mengudaranya jet-engined aircraft in 1939, virtually all aircraft is driven by the burner that works according to design Otto). But most of what is important is its use in the engine movement.

Many experiments carried out to make the car before Otto creating machine. Some scholars, such as Siegfried Marcus (1875), Etienne Lenoir (1862), and Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (c. 1769), has managed to make a model that can move. However, since lack of the kind of machine - capable of combining the lightness and high speed - none of the models have a practical sense to use. However, within a period of fifteen years since Otto was created with four drive engine combustion, two inventors different, Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, each in its own makes a practical car and sold in the market. Various types of machines since the way it used people. In fact it is not impossible in the future when a car driven by steam power or by electric batteries, or by another driving force to achieve the most perfect spot. But, obviously, millions of cars in the last century 99% using a four-drive engine combustion. (Great diesel engine that was using a similar ignition system, very stylish to drive trucks, buses, and ships. Otto principle also applies here, just a different fuel level).

Scientific discoveries large (with certain exceptions, tools weapons and explosives) generally provide opportunities for the benefit of humanity. Langkalah, for example, we oppose the refrigerator or penicillin, and restrict its use. Harm due to the spread of private cars there are also clear. Noise arises, arises pollution (contamination) of air, there was shrinkage of fuel sources, melonjaklah mortality each year, at least flawed.

However, it also coincided with, we would never have thought to let the cars that breed alone is not a big profit. Flexible use of private cars, more infinite than public transport. Nothing like a train, either above or below ground, a private automobile can be used when the like, can serve the business from door to door. Fast, fun, useful for this carrier's carrier. Presentation of unlimited possibilities where we want to be and how we want to use the time, by itself increase personal freedom.

How far profits and losses caused by private cars are to debate, no one can deny that the car carrying a big influence for our civilization. In the United States alone a hundred million cars passed on the highways. Combined into one, no less than two trillion miles transported each year, more than walking distance carriers, airplanes, trains, ships and other vehicles totaled in unison.

Start the car, we mest provide parking hektaran, should provide a long road indescribable, dismantle all the panorama; contrary, car mobility presents unimaginable by past generations. The car owners have coverage of motion and greater facilities than not have it. Expand the possibility of car choices in which we have to work and where we should be. Thanks to the car, benefits that had only one city can dikecap can now also enjoy the interior population. (This may be a major cause of rural development in recent decades, and is also associated with a decreased number of small towns in the United States).

Nikolaus August Otto was born in 1832 in the town of Holzhausen, Germany. His father died when he was a child. He's a good school, but dropped out of school when sixteen years old, started working and have business experience. He briefly working at the grocery store in a small town, then became a clerk in Frankfurt. After that he became traveling salesman, peddling jumping around merchandise.

Around the year 1860 can be heard Otto discovery engine-driven gas by Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900), first-burning engine that can move. Otto realized, if only Lenoir engine can use liquid fuels, must be more efficient, because it does not need to mention exhaust. Otto then set up the carburetor, but his invention was rejected by the patent office for a similar tool has been contrived one.

Not desperate and hopeless, Otto Lenoir pursue perfection of creation. In 1861 it occurred to him the idea of a new model of the basic machine, which moves on the basis of four impulse rounds (different from Lenoir simple machines that work on the basis of two rounds encouragement). Month January 1862 Otto making machine. But various obstacles he faced difficulties, especially in terms of engine combustion to mempraktiskan. This work soon left. Instead, he developed what he called "air machine" as a refinement step with the two impulse engines driven by gas. He was patented in 1863 and was soon able to partner, Eugene Langen, who mencukonginya. They make a small factory and continued improvement of engine design. Year 1867 engine two impulses can medal in the "World Fair" in Paris. After that sales and profits soar abundant company. Year 1872 he was hired Gottlieb Daimler, a brilliant engineer who had a lot of experience in factory management to facilitate the production of the engine.
Despite the benefits achieved by selling machines with two-drive is good, Otto could not escape the dream of making a four-drive engines compress a mixture of oil and air before the combustion engine will be a refinement incomparable Lenoir. The first model produced in this machine in May 1876 and obtained his patent rights a year later. The advantage is clear, because it only can the market quickly. More than 30,000 machines sold within ten years, and all engine versions Lenoir completely excluded.
Otto is a patent case in 1886. A French Alphonse Beau de Rochas had a similar idea in 1862 and has mempatenkannya. (However, Alphonse Beau de Rochas not be considered an influential figure since his invention was never marketed, and beyond that have never appeared as a model. And Otto was not able to inspiration from what was done Rochas). Therefore, instead of Otto lost his patent rights, even the engine market and duitnya craze flooded in the drawer. When Otto closed his eyes in 1891, he was in a state so on.

Meanwhile, in the year 1882, Gottlieb Daimler split from the company, because he took the decision to memprodusir engines for bicycles. By the year 1883 he managed to create a machine with a perfect combustion system (but not like a machine we know today), which could move the engine rotation speed 700-900 per minute. (Otto engine model at a top speed of 180-200 revolutions per minute). Furthermore, Daimler trying desperately to make engines for bicycles, which means the first motorcycle in the world. The next year Daimler fourth wheel makes the car first. However, no warning, Karl Benz menggebraknya, this person was making three-wheeled car - the car really - a few months ahead. Benz cars, such as Daimler, driven by the engine version of Otto. Benz car could travel at the speed of the engine below 400 revolutions per minute, but this was considered sufficient for a practical car. Benz diligently continue to refine the car and within a few years he succeeded in marketing it. Gottlieb Daimler began marketing the car a bit more back from Benz, but he also got success. (Finally, and Daimler-Benz company merged with. So he went to Mercedes Benz distinguished from the combined company's womb).

A car of the United States should not be ignored: Henry Ford, an inventor and industrialist. Ford just made its first car in 1896 and the car type "Model T6" it just appeared in 1908. However, instead of the first Ford to make cars that cost can be bought with reasonable price. Oldsmobile in 1901 ($ 650) and the 1903 Cadillac ($ 750) cheaper than the Model "T" original ($ 875), or any previous Ford. However, Model "T" terancang good, thick walls, and easy to drive. More than that, with improvements made, Ford can definitely lower the price of Model "T" and produce cars that can reach a lot of people's purchasing power.

Combustion engines in cars is a very important discovery, and if someone is eligible to award, he will get the position almost at the top of the order in this book list. Appreciation must be divided among them this. Lenoir, Otto, Daimler, Benz and Ford. Of all of these people, the most important stocks Otto. Lenoir real machine is not only powerful but also less energy to propel the car. Development carried out once the real Otto brings perfection. Before the year 1876, when Otto created the engine, improvements to the car that practically almost impossible. After the year 1876, open the possibilities. By itself, Nikolaus August Otto could not constitute a change to one of the modern world. Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.