Umar Ibn al-Khattab, the greatest of all Islamic caliphate

`Umar Ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph, and perhaps the greatest of all Islamic caliphate. He was contemporary but more younger than the Prophet Muhammad. And like Muhammad, he was born Mecca. Year of birth is unknown, but according to the estimated 586 years.
Origin-muasalnya `Umar Ibn al-Khattab was the most ferocious enemies and violent, against Muhammad and Islam all out. However, he suddenly embraced the new religion and turned into staunch supporters. (This is an interesting similarity with the particulars St. Paul to the Christians). `Umar Ibn al-Khattab became the closest adviser to the Prophet Muhammad and that Muhammad's done all ages.
632 years of Muhammad's death, without a successor. Umar quickly supported Abu Bakr as a substitute, a close friend of the Prophet and his in-laws. This step prevents a strength and allows Abu Bakr is generally recognized as the first caliph, a kind of "replacement" of the Prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr was a successful leader, but he died after a Caliph for only two years. However, Abu Bakr was appointed Caliph `Umar in 634, and held power until the year 644 when he was killed in Medina by the act of a Persian slave. On the bed before his death, `Umar appointed a panita consists of six people to choose his successor. Thus once again the opportunity to battle the farthest power. Six-person committee was appointed as the Caliph `Uthman to-3 ruling in 644-656.
During the ten-year leadership of `Umar's conquests do Arabs important. Shortly after `Umar hold the reins of power as caliph, the Arab forces occupied Syria and Palestine, who was then a part of the Byzantine Empire. In the battle of Yarmuk (636), the Arab armies succeeded in beating out the power of Byzantium. Damascus fell in the year, and surrendered Darussalam two years later. By the year 641, Arab forces had taken control of all Palestine and Syria, and kept charging forward into the area now called Turkey. 639 years, the Arab armies who invaded Egypt was under Byzantine rule. Within three years, completed the conquest of Egypt perfectly.
Arab attack against Iraq which was under the control of the Persian Empire had started even before `Umar became Caliph rises. The key to victory lies in the battle Arab Qadisiya 637 years, occurred in the caliphate of `Umar. By the year 641, seseluruh Iraq was under Arab control. And not only that: even the Arab armies immediately invaded Persia and in the battle Nehavend (642) decisively defeated their last remaining Persian forces. By the death of `Umar in the year 644, most of the western region of Iran is fully terkuasai. This movement does not stop when `Umar died. In the eastern part of them quickly conquered Persia and the west they urged continued with the army across North Africa.

As important as the meaning of conquests made `Umar is permanence and stability of government. Iran, despite the population converted to Islam, along with that they gained independence from the Arab governments. But Syria, Iraq and Egypt never get the same thing. Countries are entirely in-Arabkan until now.

`Umar was barangtentu have a plan what to do with areas that have been conquered by Arab forces. He decided, Arabs have special rights in the military aspect in conquered areas, they have to live in certain cities are determined to do that, apart from the local population. Local residents must pay taxes to the conquering Muslim (mostly Arab), but they were allowed to live safely and peacefully. In particular, they are not forced to embrace Islam. From this it is clear that the Arab conquest war of conquest is more nationalist than a holy war despite religious aspect does not play a role instead.

The success of `Umar really impressive. After the Prophet Muhammad, he is the main character in the attack by Islam. Without conquest-conquest of the lightning-quick, it is doubtful whether Islam can be spread widely as can be seen today. Moreover, most of the conquered areas remained under Arab rule until now. Clearly, of course, the main mover was Muhammad if he had to accept the award of this development. However, the weight would be a mistake if we minimize the role of `Umar shares. Conquests which do not result automatically from the inspiration given Muhammad. Expansion might have occurred, but it is not going up that much without the leadership if only a brilliant `Umar.Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.