Werner Heisenberg, German physicist

Into whose hands the Nobel Prize for physics in 1932 fall? Into the hands of Werner Heisenberg, German physicist. No one can be a Nobel Prize without causes clear. And because it had to be extraordinary. If it's just a lot of inventors, and it was hard dikantonginya gift. Why can Heisenberg? Since the creation and discovery in the field of "quantum mechanics." These are not random. This is one of important achievements in the history of science.

Mechanics - each person knowingly mere - is the branch of physics that itmu associated with the general laws of motion of an object affairs. And not a random branch branches, but branches have the fundamental weight in the world of science.

In line with the progress increases, demand increases. Which today are considered to be felt less the next day. No except in the case of mechanics. In the early years of the 20th century and was beginning to feel more and more obvious how the law in the field of mechanics was able to reach and expose the behavior of very small particles such as atoms, especially sub-atomic particles. If the old law was generally accepted that it could solve all the problems facing perfectly Happenings macroscopic objects (objects are much bigger than an atom) is not so when dealing with things very much smaller. This not only raise a headache but also riddles unanswered.

In 1925 Werner Heisenberg proposed a new formula in physics, a formula is very, very radical, far different from the basic concept of the classical Newton's formula. The theory of this new formula - after experiencing some improvement by the people after Heisenberg - truly successful and brilliant. Formula up to now not only accepted but used for all physical systems, regardless of what kind and from whatever the size.

Can be proved mathematically, as long as observations using only the purely macroscopic systems, different estimates of quantum mechanics with classical mechanics in amounts too small to be measured. (For this reason, classical mechanics - which is mathematically simpler than kuanturn mechanics - still usable for most scientific calculations). However, when dealing with a system of atomic dimensions, the estimation of quantum mechanics is a big different with classical mechanics. The experiments prove that the estimates of quantum mechanics is correct.

One consequence of Heisenberg's theory is what is known - with the formula "uncertainty principle" that defined itself in 1927. The principle is generally considered one of the most profound principles of scientific fields and most have much coverage. In practice, what is implemented through the use of "uncertainty principle" is specialized theoretical limits of certain of our ability to make scientific measurements. Result and the influence of this system is very powerful. If the basic laws of physics prevent a scientist - even in an ideal situation though - get a thorough knowledge of an investigation, it is because the properties of the system's future is not entirely predictable. According to the "uncertainty principle," there will be no improvement in our measuring equipment that will allow us to surpass the difficulties, this.

"Uncertainty principle" is to ensure that physics, in a normal state, unable to make much more than just a statistical guesses. A scientist investigating the radioactivity, for example, may be able to suspect that one of the radium atoms setriliun, two million will issue gamma rays in a day thereafter.

However, Heisenberg himself was not able to assess whether there are particular radium atom that will do that. In many practical things, this is not a strict restriction. When it comes large, statistical methods are often able to present the basis of reliable platform for something step. However, when it comes to the number of small size, because so others. Here the "uncertainty principle" compels us away from the idea of causality strict physics. This puts a very fundamental change in the basic scientific philosophy. So fundamental to the extent that the great scientist Einstein would never accept this principle. "I do not believe it," a time Einstein said, "that God is playing games with the destruction of the universe."

However, this is essentially a sign that the physicists of the most modern feel the need to accept it.

It is clear already, from the point of quantum theory, and on further rate even greater than the "theory of relativity," has revolutionized our basic concepts about the physical world. However, the consequences of this theory is not merely philosophical.

Among the practical use, can be seen on the modern equipment such as electron microscopes, lasers and transistors. Quantum theory is also widely used in the field of nuclear physics and atomic energy. These form the basis of our knowledge about the field "spectroscopy" (memprodusir tool and examine the spectra of light), and is used widely in astronomy, and chemical sectors. And also utilized in theoretical investigations of the subject matter as diverse special quality liquid belium, basic internal arrangement of the animals, the addition of magnetic strength, and radio activity.

Werner Heisenberg was born in Germany in 1901. He received his doctorate in theoretical physics from the University Munich in 1923. From 1924 to 1927 he was working in Copenhagen with great Danish physicist, Niels Bohr. His first important paper about the particulars of quantum mechanics was published in 1925 and the formula of "uncertainty principle" came out in 1927. Heisenberg died in 1976 at the age of seventy-four years. He lives with his wife and seven children.Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.