Galileo, The Great Scientists and Astronomer

This great Italian scientists may be more responsible for the development of scientific method to anyone. Galileo was born in Pisa in 1564. While at the young University of Pisa, but stalled because of financial matters. However, in 1589 could be the position of teaching in the university. A few years later he joined the University of Padua, and remained there until 1610. During this period created a lot of scientific discoveries.
His first major contribution in the field of mechanics. Aristotle taught, heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects, and generation of intellectuals to swallow the view of the great Greek philosopher of this influence. However, Galileo decided to try first whether, and through a series of experiments concluded that Aristotle was wrong. The truth is heavy and light objects fall at the same rate at least until they reduced the speed limit due to a change in the air. (Incidentally, the habit of throwing objects Galileo's experiment from the Tower of Pisa, apparently unconscious).
Knowing this, Galileo took further steps. Carefully measure the distance of objects fall at the specified time and a proof that the distance traveled by a falling object is proportional to the number of seconds equal squares falling objects. This discovery (which means a uniform acceleration) has its own meaning. More importantly, able to collect the results of Galileo's discoveries with a mathematical formula. The extensive use of mathematical formulas and mathematical methods are the essential nature of modern science.
Another important contribution is the discovery of Galileo's law of inertia about. Previously, people believed that the body moves by itself tends to be slower and stopped altogether if there is a power that adds strength to keep moving. But Galileo's experiments showed that the assumption was incorrect. When the power shifts, as slow, you can remove, body in motion tends to keep moving without borders. This is an important principle that has been repeatedly affirmed by Newton and with the system itself as the first law of motion one of the vital principle in science.
Galileo's discovery of the most famous is in the field of astronomy. The theory of astronomy in early 1600 in an uncertain situation. The disagreement arose between the supporters of the Copernican theory that the sun-centered and supporters of the older theory, the earth-centric. Around 1609, Galileo expressed his belief that Copernicus was on the right side, but this time I did not know how to prove it. In 1609, Galileo heard of news that people found a telescope in the Netherlands. Although Galileo had heard vaguely about the team, but thanks to his genius was able to create their own telescopes. With this new tool, turned his attention to the sky and only a year had managed to raise a series of large discoveries.
He saw the moon is not flat but lumpy, full of craters and mountains. Celestial bodies, the conclusion is not flat and smooth but irregular, and the face of the earth. He looked and saw the Milky Way was not the kind of mist, but entirely composed of a large number of stars with the naked eye is the mix and mingled with others.
Then the eyes on the planet-planet Saturn appeared to him like a bracelet fence. Jupiter looked at his telescope and knew she had four months circling the planet. Here the light-benderanglah what celestial bodies can rotate around a planet other than Earth. The fun of being-well: looking at the sun and saw spots on my face. In fact, there are others who also saw the previous points, but Galileo published the results more effectively and bring the subject of sunspots concern that the world of science. In addition, his research shifted to the planet Venus has a similar term is the month deadline. This is an important part of the tests that confirmed the theory of Copernicus that the earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun.
Illustration of the law of the lever of Galileo Galileo learned from the book 'Conversations of Mathematics and demonstration'
The discovery of a series of telescopes and Galileo's discovery launched the ladder of fame. Meanwhile, support for the Copernican theory led him to confront the church who were opposed to an All-out. This conflict with the Church reached its peak in 1616: he was ordered to refrain from disseminating the hypothesis of Copernicus. Galileo was put down by these restrictions for years. Only after the pope died in 1623, was replaced by someone who admired Galileo. The following year, this new pope - Urban VIII - foreshadows even vaguely that the ban is not actually forced Galileo.
Galileo the next six years up to major scientific work of two important dialogue about global system. This book is a great demonstration of things that include supporting the Copernican theory and the book was published in 1632 with special permission from the censure of the church. Still, the church authorities responded with a furious attitude and when Galileo published a book directly drawn into the face of the religious court in Rome, accused of violating the ban in 1616.
But clearly, the church authorities that many are unhappy with the decision to punish a prominent scholar. Even under the law of the church at the time, the Galileo case in question and he just condemned lightly. Galileo was thrown into jail, but only put under house arrest at home is quite nice in a villa in Arcetri. In theory, could not receive visits, but in reality the standard was not applied correctly. Another penalty against him publicly was a retired permintaarn the view that the Earth revolved around the sun. 69-year-old scientist is running in open court. (There are famous stories that do not necessarily true that after Galileo took longer thinks it is land and whispered softly: "Look, it's moving!"). In the city of Arcetri, he continued working in the field of mechanics he wrote. Galileo died in 1642.
Galileo's great contribution to the advancement of science has long known. The emphasis is on the role of scientific discoveries like the law of inertia, the discovery of the telescope, astronomical observations of the field and prove his genius to the hypothesis of Copernicus. More important is its role in the development of scientific methodology. In general, the bases natural philosopher of his opinion on the thought of Aristotle and make a qualitative and phenomena Uncategorized. Instead, Galileo set of phenomena and comment on a quantitative basis. Careful attention to quantitative calculations, since it became the basic scientific research in the coming period.
Galileo may have more responsibility than anyone else for scientific research with an empirical attitude. It was he, not others, who first emphasized the importance of demonstration experiments, which rejects the idea that scientific questions can be decided together with the power, if power is called the Church or the rules of Aristotle's arguments. Also resisted against the regimes that use complicated reasons and instead rely on a solid experimental basis. Clever century scholars discuss how it should be neat and why the things that happened, but Galileo insisted on the importance of doing an experiment to determine what really happened. Scientific point of view is not clearly evident mysticism, and in this way it is more modern than its successors, as Newton.
Galileo can be considered people who are religious. Apart from the judgments against him and his confession, he rejected religion and the church. The only negative experience of church authorities to suppress the research efforts of science. The next generation is very reasonable Gahleo admired as a symbol of rebelling against dogma and authoritarian regime of trying to imprison the thought of independence. Its importance is more common is once again the role in establishing the foundations of modern scientific method.by Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.