Martin Luther

Martin Luther, who defiantly against the Roman Catholic Church and gave birth to the Protestant reform movement, was born in 1483 in the town of Eisleben, Germany. He received a college education is quite good and at one point had studied the law (apparently at the behest of the father). However, in general has never completed a formal education, but opted to become an Augustinian priest. In 1512 he received a doctorate in theology at the University of Wittenberg and immediately fell active in the department of the faculty.

Dissatisfaction and complaints about Martin Luther's Roman Catholic Church came up level by level. In 1510 it became the visits to Rome. At that time, I was startled witness astonished world absurdly extravagant and luxury of the priests of the Catholic Church. However, most protests are particularly encouraged in terms of doing church-related issues that forgiveness of sins committed by the church. On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther pasting posters on the doors of the Wittenberg church, which contains the nineties "and five basic attitude" facing the luxuries of life, including the Church in general and send carbon copies "Ninety - five fundamental attitude "was the bishop of Mainz. Furthermore, also printed and widely distributed everywhere.

The scope of Martin Luther's protest against the Roman Catholic Church with extraordinary speed and spread widely. Luther increase heart attack the problem right: to deny the power of the Pope, the Church Council. Martin Luther insisted that he was subject only to the guidance of the Gospel and the common sense reasons. It is understandable that the church was not satisfied with the opinion of this Luther. Luther was ordered to appear before the church authorities, and after listening to each other and the argument and ordered that Martin Luther threw his opinion, he finally declared "apostate" and condemned and excommunicated by the Council meeting (1521) and all his writings, is expressly prohibited and no accountability.

If you have - according to custom - Martin Luther should be burned to a coal burning as well as those who burned the hay. However, the opinions of Luther, there is widespread and affects a German and German nobles. Although Martin Luther must also go into hiding for a year, support for him was so strong that he could be released from criminal sanctions happened.

Martin Luther was a famous writer and productive and have a great impact. One of the great task is to translate the Gospel into the German language. This - of course - opening the door for all literate people to learn the gospel itself must be through an intermediary, without church or priest. Propagation (Incidentally, the translation is so beautiful and perfect huge influence on the language and kesusasteraaan Germany).

Luther's theology - of course - impossible to describe here briefly in a limited space. One of the key ideas is the doctrine of the necessity of faith to trust only, an idea based on the writings of St.. Paul. Luther believed, according to human kondratnya dark because of their sins, and only through the actions and work better alone can save him from eternal damnation. Salvation comes only through faith and with the blessing of forgiveness. Therefore, according to Luther, it became clear that the act of forgiveness is the church to sell inappropriate and unhelpful. With such good intentions, the traditional view that the Church considers oxidized intermediate can not be removed between a Christian and God is really something wrong. If someone is the doctrine of Martin Luther, which means the rights of the Roman Catholic Church disappear in one fell swoop.

Furthermore, in the case questioned the essential role of the Church, Luther also protested against the various types of beliefs and practices of special devotion. For example, rejected the existence of purgatory (a state after death when the soul needs purification through torture, while), and was denied a bachelor need a shepherd. He was alone in the year 1525 he married the former nun, had six children. Luther died in Eisleben in 1546, on his way to visit his hometown.

Martin Luther, of course, is not the Protestant thinker first. Century before it was preceded by Jan Hus in Bohemia, and in the 14th century British scholar John Wycliffe, even in the 12th century, a Frenchman named Peter Waldo can be regarded as a Protestant in the first place. However, the influence of Martin Luther's predecessors in the movement had included only local. In 1517, discontent with the Catholic Church has penetrated everywhere. The words of Martin Luther was a series of flame spread to large areas of Europe. Luther, as it has an undeniable right of the person who was responsible for the explosion of dynamite sulutan renewal.

The most obvious consequence of this reform movement - of course - the establishment of various Protestant sects. Although Protestants are part cumalah course of Christianity as a whole, nor is the largest, but still above the number of adherents to the Buddhist and even compared to most religions.

An important consequence of the Reform movement is the extent of the spread of armed religious conflict that soon followed. Some examples of wars of religion (eg, the Thirty Years War in Germany, which began in 1618 and ended only in 1648) really a bloody war that claimed many victims. In fact, other than weapons clashed, the political conflict between Catholics and Protestants have an important role in the political landscape of Europe for centuries to come.

The updates also plays a complicated, but important in the intellectual development of Europe. Before 1517 there was only one church, the Roman Catholic Church and all dissidents and those with other views immediately branded as "apostates". Weather played Karuan kemplang not have such freedom of new ideas. After the renovation, because different countries have adopted the principles of religious freedom in thought, in itself ensure security affairs speculation on various topics.

There are other influences that are worth noting, most of the figures listed in this book is from England, figures exceed the other country. Germany followed after the British. You could say, a list of these figures is remarkable is dominated by the Protestant countries of Europe and North America. If we examine, only two people on the list (Gutenberg and Charlemagne) lived before the year 1517. Before that time, most people in this book comes from another world and people living in the country now known as the contribution of relatively modest Protestant countries of culture and human history. This light indicates the amount of motion or movement of the Protestant Reformation was responsible for the fact as many famous people of this area in 450 years time. Perhaps the development of intellectual freedom in this area is the main factor.

Luther was not entirely error-free. Although he was a rebel against religious authority, which can be very short-sighted and not gracefully for those who have different views on religion. It could be short-sighted attitude with grace and not as a result of Luther's religious wars in Germany is much more fierce and bloody than, for example in the UK. After all, Martin Luther was very serious anti-Jewish, and his writings are very loud and marco banged against Jews is likely to push to open the way Hitler did in the atrocities of the 20th century.

Luther has often stressed the necessity of obedience to the authority of the legitimate civilian government. Most likely, the main fund's failure to intervene against the civilian government of the church. (Do not forget, the reform movement was the struggle not only theological, to some extent was a German nationalist revolt against Roman influence, so worth it when some moves to get strong support from several German princes). Apart from the intentions of Luther, his statement on the German Protestants to accept the attitude of absolute in matters relating to politics. And so also the writings of Martin Luther helped paved the way for Hitler's reign.

Maybe there are some people wonder what Martin Luther because there is no higher place in the order listed in this book. The main reason, though Luther seemed to matter for Europeans and Americans, which has no significant meaning for people in Asia and Africa because of the relatively few who embraced Christianity. As the Chinese, Japanese or Indian, the difference between Catholics and Protestants have no meaning for them. (The same happened to the Europeans who are not as interested in the differences between Sunnis and Shiites in Islam).

The second reason, Luther, if the balance, a new historical figure, and that influence coverage in the history of mankind. not for Muhammad, Buddha or Moses. Moreover, in recent centuries, various religious beliefs in the decline of the West, and the influence of religion on human problems within the next 2000 years seems smaller than the last thousand years. When Dibble power continuous decline of religious influence, Martin Luther-dragon dragon will look much less importance in the history of mankind who won now.

Finally, remember that we are worthy of the religious strife in 16th and 17th centuries did not really - in the long run - an impact on people's lives and advances in science that occurs at the same time. In fact, what the main reason for Luther, positioned on the main list of several of the Copernicus (who now lives with him) is that Luther played a major role in every movement of the Protestant Reformation in the Copernican revolution science.by Michael H. Hart,One hundred most influential figures in the history.